# Slovník měřicích parametrů > Section of the Rhopoint Instruments Manual. This file bundles all 38 pages of this section as Markdown. > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. # Glossary of measurement parameters --- # 10° Sparkle Measurement > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. The Effect Finish module also measures how visible and intense sparkle effects appear close to the viewing direction using a 10/0 geometry, where the surface is illuminated at 10° and observed near the normal. At this near-specular angle, sparkle contributes directly to head‑on appearance, so these parameters are important for matching what users see when looking straight at an effect coating. ## Density (10°) - Density (10°): Sparkle Density 10° is the number of visible sparkle points per 100 mm² at 10°, describing how densely the surface appears filled with sparkle elements when viewed close to the observer direction. - Higher Density (10°) values indicate a more crowded, active sparkle field in head‑on viewing. ## Area (10°) - Area (10°): Sparkle Area 10° is the average size of detected sparkle elements at 10°, representing the typical image area covered by individual sparkles in near-specular viewing. - Larger Area (10°) values suggest coarser, more prominent sparkle particles when viewed head‑on, while smaller values correspond to a fine, pin‑point sparkle structure. ## Brightness (10°) - Brightness (10°): Sparkle Brightness 10° is the average luminance of the sparkle points at 10°, indicating how bright each sparkle appears. - Higher Brightness (10°) values mean that individual sparkle points are more intense. ## Visibility (10°) - Visibility (10°): Sparkle Visibility 10° is the average perceived brightness of sparkle elements at 10°, taking into account their visibility and the background colour of the material. - This parameter is designed to correlate with human perception of how noticeable the sparkle effect is in near head‑on viewing, combining contributions from density, area and brightness against the underlying coating colour. ## SpR (10°), SpG (10°), SpB (10°) - SpR (10°): Sparkle Red 10° is the red-channel intensity of sparkle elements seen at 10°, indicating how strong the red component of the sparkle appears in near head‑on viewing. - SpG (10°): Sparkle Green 10° is the green-channel intensity of sparkle elements seen at 10°, describing the green contribution to the sparkle impression. - SpB (10°): Sparkle Blue 10° is the blue-channel intensity of sparkle elements seen at 10°, describing the blue component of the sparkle effect in near-specular viewing. | Parameter group | Parameter | Unit | Description | |----------------------|-------------------|---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 10° sparkle metrics | SpR (10°) | Intensity (0–255) | Red‑channel sparkle intensity at 10°, indicating how strong the red component of the sparkle appears in near head‑on viewing. | | | SpG (10°) | Intensity (0–255) | Green‑channel sparkle intensity at 10°, describing the green contribution to the sparkle impression. | | | SpB (10°) | Intensity (0–255) | Blue‑channel sparkle intensity at 10°, describing the blue component of the sparkle effect in near-specular viewing. | | | Density (10°) | 1/100 mm² | Number of visible sparkle points per 100 mm² at 10°, describing how densely the surface appears filled with sparkle elements. | | | Area (10°) | mm² | Average size of detected sparkle elements at 10°, representing the typical image area covered by individual sparkles. | | | Brightness (10°) | AU* | Average luminance of the sparkle points at 10°, indicating how bright each sparkle appears relative to the surrounding surface. | | | Visibility (10°) | AU* | Average perceived brightness of sparkle elements at 10°, taking into account their visibility and the background colour of the material. | \*AU = arbitrary (instrument) units. --- # 45° Sparkle Measurement > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. The Effect Finish module quantifies how visible and intense sparkle effects appear when an effect coating is viewed at a 45/0 geometry, i.e. illuminated at 45° and observed close to the normal. At this angle, sparkle is often more pronounced and directional, so these parameters are particularly useful for matching appearance in real-world viewing conditions on automotive and other effect-coated parts. ## SpR (45°), SpG (45°), SpB (45°) - SpR (45°): Sparkle Red 45° is the red-channel intensity of sparkle elements seen at 45°, indicating how strong the red component of the sparkle appears at this off‑specular angle. - SpG (45°): Sparkle Green 45° is the green-channel intensity of sparkle elements seen at 45°, describing the green contribution to the sparkle impression. - SpB (45°): Sparkle Blue 45° is the blue-channel intensity of sparkle elements seen at 45°, describing the blue component of the sparkle effect. ## Density (45°) - Density (45°): Sparkle Density 45° is the number of visible sparkle points per 100 mm² at 45°, describing how densely the surface appears filled with sparkle elements when viewed from this angle. - Higher Density (45°) values indicate a busier, more active sparkle field, whereas lower values correspond to a sparser, more subtle effect. ## Area (45°) - Area (45°): Sparkle Area 45° is the average size of detected sparkle elements at 45°, representing the typical image area covered by individual sparkles. - Larger Area (45°) values suggest coarser, more prominent sparkle particles, while smaller values correspond to fine, pin‑point sparkle. ## Brightness (45°) - Brightness (45°): Sparkle Brightness 45° is the average luminance of the sparkle points at 45°. - Higher Brightness (45°) values mean that individual sparkle points are more intense. ## Visibility (45°) - Visibility (45°): Sparkle Visibility 45° is the average perceived brightness of sparkle elements at 45°, taking into account their visibility and the background colour of the material. - This parameter is designed to correlate with human perception of how noticeable the sparkle effect is at 45°, combining contributions from density, area and brightness against the underlying coating colour. | Parameter group | Parameter | Unit | Description | |----------------------|-------------------|------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 45° sparkle metrics | SpR (45°) | Intensity (0–255)| Red‑channel sparkle intensity at 45°, indicating how strong the red component of the sparkle appears at this off‑specular angle. [3] | | | SpG (45°) | Intensity (0–255)| Green‑channel sparkle intensity at 45°, describing the green contribution to the sparkle impression. [3] | | | SpB (45°) | Intensity (0–255)| Blue‑channel sparkle intensity at 45°, describing the blue component of the sparkle effect. [3] | | | Density (45°) | 1/100 mm² | Number of visible sparkle points per 100 mm² at 45°, describing how densely the surface appears filled with sparkle elements. [3] | | | Area (45°) | mm² | Average size of detected sparkle elements at 45°, representing the typical image area covered by individual sparkles. [3] | | | Brightness (45°) | AU* | Average luminance of the sparkle points at 45°, indicating how bright each sparkle appears relative to the surrounding surface. [3] | | | Visibility (45°) | AU* | Average perceived brightness of sparkle elements at 45°, taking into account their visibility and the background colour of the material. [3] | \*AU = arbitrary (instrument) units. --- # 60° Gloss (Aesthetix) > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. ## Parameter description Definition: Gloss refers to the overall shiny appearance of a surface when light is reflected directly off it. It is often measured using glossmeters which quantify the amount of reflected light at specific angles. Importance: Gloss is the most widely used measure of a surface's ability to reflect light in a specular manner, contributing to its shiny appearance. High gloss values indicate bright, mirror-like finishes, while low values indicate matt or dull surfaces. ## How is it measured? Aesthetix specular light source (1) projects a controlled light beam onto the surface (2) at 60° and captures the reflected intensity with the gloss camera (3). ![image description](../_images/1767093483656-Aesthetix-Gloss-Camera.png) **The optical layout of the gloss sensor** The signal is compared to a calibrated reference standard and expressed in gloss units, measurements comply to ISO2813 & ASTM D523, the recognised standards for gloss measurement. ![The gloss reflection from a glass calibration tile captured by the gloss sensor](../_images/1767191029152-Screenshot-2025-12-31-142140-gloss-in-sensor.png) **Specular reflection from a calibration standard captured by the gloss camera. To comply with the angular tolerances in the standard, light in the yellow area is integrated. ** ## Applications Routine control of high-gloss, semi-gloss and matt coatings in automotive, furniture, plastics, packaging and consumer goods. Verifying that production parts match master panels or customer specifications for gloss level before shipment. ## Technical specifications | Item | Specification / Value | |-----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------| | Gloss index | 60° Gloss (all Aesthetix modules that report gloss) | | Gloss unit | GU (Gloss Units) | | Measurement geometry | 60° specular gloss geometry | | Field of view (FOV) | 18 × 24 mm | | Standard analysed gloss area | 18 × 9 mm | | Optional small gloss spot | 4 × 2 mm | | Other analysed areas (modules) | Effect Finish: 10 × 10 mm; Texture: up to 15 × 15 mm; Polishing Quality: 10 × 10 mm | | Surface resolution | 9.2 µm/pixel (109 pixels/mm) | | Repeatability, 0–10 GU | ±0.1 GU | | Repeatability, 10–100 GU | ±0.2 GU | | Repeatability, 100–1000 GU | ±0.2% of reading | | Reproducibility, 0–10 GU | ±0.2 GU | | Reproducibility, 10–100 GU | ±0.5 GU | | Reproducibility, 100–1000 GU | ±0.5% of reading | These repeatability and reproducibility values assume correct calibration on a certified gloss tile, stable environmental conditions and consistent sample positioning and measurement practice. --- # Bloom R, G, B > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. Surface bloom is a near‑specular scattering effect that appears as a loss of reflective contrast in a mirror‑like surface and can include a subtle colour shift that is not detected by conventional monochromatic haze meters. Standard haze meters use a light source and detector combination filtered to the photopic V(λ) response of the human eye, producing a single luminance‑weighted signal, so wavelength‑dependent scattering can be visually apparent yet remain largely undetected in the measured haze value. To detect this phenomenon, the Aesthetix instrument uses an unfiltered white LED arranged as a 10‑degree spotlight and an RGB camera, analysing the near‑specular region of the reflected image. The bloom is quantified independently in each colour channel as a normalised ratio of the bloom signal to a calibrated specular reference signal, and the spatial extent of the bloom in each channel is reported as an area in $\text{mm}^2$. The red, green and blue bloom indices are defined as: $$ B_{R} = \frac{S_{\text{bloom},R}}{S_{\text{spec},R}} $$ $$ B_{G} = \frac{S_{\text{bloom},G}}{S_{\text{spec},G}} $$ $$ B_{B} = \frac{S_{\text{bloom},B}}{S_{\text{spec},B}} $$ where $B_{R}, B_{G}, B_{B}$ are the dimensionless bloom values for the red, green and blue channels, $S_{\text{bloom},R/G/B}$ are the measured near‑specular bloom signals, and $S_{\text{spec},R/G/B}$ are the corresponding calibrated specular signals used for normalisation. For each channel, the bloom size (area of the near‑specular scattering region exceeding a defined threshold) is calculated in $\text{mm}^2$, providing both an intensity‑based metric ($B_{R/G/B}$) and a geometric metric (bloom area) to characterise the magnitude and chromatic character of surface bloom. --- # Ca—Cell Amplitude > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. Ca (reported in [p-µm] (perceived microns)) is defined as the average amplitude of all cells features identified within the texture of a material. It quantifies the difference between the highest and lowest points, (Average Height of cells- Average Depth of valleys) providing a measure of the vertical dimension of the texture. This parameter is used to understand the depth and relief of the surface texture, which directly influences visual and tactile perception. ![image description](../_images/1768553820360-1765872829682-heightmap-sa-rough.png) **A higher cell amplitude indicates a more pronounced texture, lower values will be measured on smoother materials.** Unit- [Perceived Microns pµm](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-unit-perceived-microns-p-m.md) --- # Cn—Cell Number > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. Cn refers to the total number of distinct cells or surface features identified within the field of measurement depending on the watershed parameters set. This measurement is crucial for understanding the density and distribution of the texture features, which influence visual and tactile qualities. --- # Contrast (TAMS High Gloss) > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. ## Contrast (C) – High gloss mode ### Definition Contrast (C) is a **colour‑dependent index** that quantifies the difference between bright highlights and dark areas in the reflected image on a high gloss surface. It describes how “strong” the reflection appears and captures the influence of basecoat colour on perceived appearance. ### Unit and range Contrast is expressed in percent (%): - White and light metallic surfaces show low contrast (<30%)). - Deep black can approach 100% contrast. ### Measurement conditions Contrast is available in High Gloss Mode when the surface type is set to C‑Coat and a high‑gloss algorithm such as CC‑TAMS‑STD is selected. It is calculated from the reflected pattern images captured by TAMS. ### Colour dependence and visual meaning Contrast is directly linked to the **colour and optical density** of the surface: - On dark, high‑contrast colours (for example black), reflections exhibit a large intensity range between bright and dark regions, so texture, haze and DOI defects are much more visible. - On light or metallic colours with low contrast, the same physical orange peel or haze can be far less noticeable to the observer. Because of this, Contrast acts as a bridge between colour and texture. It explains why strict texture limits that are appropriate for black cars may be unnecessarily tight for silver, and why controlling only colour‑blind metrics (such as waviness or DOI alone). ### Relationship to other TAMS parameters and indices Contrast plays a central role in the perception‑based metrics used in High Gloss Mode: - With **Sharpness (S)**, it defines how vivid and detailed the reflection looks – high C and high S give deep, crisp images, while low C or low S make the surface appear flat or hazy. - It influences the **Quality (Q)** index, helping Q respond correctly to differences between dark and light colours by reflecting the real visual impact on the customer. - Through its colour dependence, it supports more realistic **Harmony (H)** assessments across different colours, ensuring that panel‑to‑panel matching is judged in a way that aligns with human perception. ### Typical interpretation - **C > 70%:** High‑impact, deep colour (e.g. solid black or dark shades). Texture, orange peel and haze are very visible; tight control of Sharpness, Waviness and Harmony is usually required. - **C ≈ 30–70%:** Medium contrast colours (mid‑tones, some saturated colours). Texture and haze are visible but less critical than on deep black. - **C < 30%:** Low‑contrast finishes (whites, light metallics, pastel shades). The same texture level that is unacceptable on black may be visually acceptable here. --- # CsDev—Cell Size Standard Deviation > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. The Cell Size Standard Deviation reflects the variation in cell sizes across the surface. By dividing the standard deviation by the mean cell size, the resulting value is normalized, allowing for comparability between different types of structures. This index indicates how much the sizes of the cells vary from the average, helping to understand the consistency of the surface structure. --- > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. # CsMax—Maximum Cell Size --- # CsMin—Minimum Cell Size > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. Cell Size Minimum represents the size of the smallest cell among all those included in the data analysis. It gives insight into the minimum limit of the structural features present on the surface. --- # Cs—Mean Cell Size > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. Mean Cell Size is the average size of the cells included in the analysis, measured in square millimetres [mm²]. To find this value, the areas of all included cells are measured, and their mean (average) value is calculated. It provides an overall sense of the typical size of the structural features on the surface. --- # Dimension (TAMS High Gloss) > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. ## Dimension (D) – High gloss mode ### Definition Dimension (D), also referred to as **Dominant Structure Size**, indicates the main texture scale that an observer perceives on a high gloss surface at typical showroom viewing distance (around 1.5 m). It describes whether the orange peel structure appears fine and tight or coarse and large‑scale. ### Unit and range Dimension is expressed in millimetres (mm). Typical values for automotive clear‑coat lie between about 0.5 mm and 8 mm. - Lower D values correspond to fine, closely spaced orangepeel. - Higher D values correspond to coarser, more widely spaced structure. ### Measurement conditions Dimension is available in High Gloss Mode when the surface type is set to C‑Coat and a high‑gloss algorithm such as CC‑TAMS‑STD is selected. It is derived from the measured surface texture spectrum used for waviness and other appearance parameters, so it does not require any extra measurement steps beyond a normal clear‑coat reading on a clean, defect‑free area. ### Visual meaning at showroom distance At around 1.5 m, Dimension describes the characteristic spacing of the surface waves that form the orange peel pattern: - **Small D (fine structure):** The surface shows a tight, fine orange peel. - **Large D (coarse structure):** The surface shows broad, large‑scale waves. Because it reflects the dominant spatial scale rather than just the amplitude, Dimension helps explain why two panels with similar waviness can still look different to the eye. ### Relationship to other TAMS parameters and indices Dimension works alongside the other High Gloss parameters: - With **Waviness (W)** it separates “how strong” the orange peel is (W) from “how large” the texture cells are (D). - It supports interpretation of **Harmony (H)** by indicating whether a panel‑to‑panel mismatch is mainly due to differences in texture scale. In the latest SMS‑based Harmony algorithm, D is retained as a diagnostic value even though it is no longer used directly in the H calculation. - Together with **Sharpness (S)** and **Contrast (C)**, it helps engineers understand whether perceived appearance issues are dominated by coarse body‑shape variations, finer orange peel, or haze. ### Typical interpretation - **D < 1 mm:** Very fine texture. - **D ≈ 1–4 mm:** Shortwave orangepeel dominant in the painted surface. - **D > 4 mm:** Longerwave orangepeel dominates the surface. --- # DOI—Distinctness of Image (Aesthetix) > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. DOI (Distinctness of Image) is a surface appearance parameter that describes how clearly objects and edges are reflected in a glossy surface. ## Parameter description DOI indicates the sharpness of reflected images: high DOI means crisp, mirror‑like reflections, while low DOI indicates blurred, distorted or surfaces where orange‑peel distorts reflections. It is expressed as a percentage, with 100% representing an ideal mirror and lower values representing increasing loss of image clarity. ## How is it measured? Software analyses the reflected gloss image, a sharp, well‑defined image yields high DOI, a blurred gloss image will return lower values. ## Applications Assessing and optimising the visual quality of automotive bodywork, bumpers and high‑gloss trim where mirror‑like reflections are critical. Controlling polishing, sanding and coating processes for premium furniture, pianos, consumer electronics and decorative plastics to minimise orange peel and achieve a high‑quality finish. DOI is a crucial value for polished stone and concrete applications. DOI values are correlated between Rhopoint Aesthetix and Rhopoint IQ measurement systems. | Item | Specification / Value | | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Index name | DOI | | Description | Measures how clearly and sharply images and edges are reflected from a surface | | Unit | % (0–100%, where 100% represents a perfectly sharp, undistorted reflection) | | Measurement geometry | Specular reflection geometry (typically 60° or 20°, depending on module/instrument) | | Measurement principle | Analysis of the spread and distortion of reflected light around the specular angle | | Field of view (FOV) | 18 × 24 mm (Aesthetix optical head) | | Standard analysed area | 18 × 9 mm (shared with gloss/DOI measurements) | | Optional small spot | 4 × 2 mm (small‑area adapter, where available) | | Other analysed areas | Effect/texture modules up to 10 × 10 mm or 15 × 15 mm, depending on configuration | | Measurement range | 0–100% | | Repeatability (typical) | ±0.2% DOI | | Reproducibility (typical) | ±0.5% DOI | | Primary use | Quantifying orange peel, surface smoothness and image clarity on high‑gloss finishes | --- # Drill Angle > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. **Drill Angle** is the cone angle of the Säberg drill bit used to prepare a sample for layer-resolved coating thickness measurement with the [Boring Thickness Module](rhopoint-appearance-elements-using-aesthetix-with-ae-aesthetix-modules-boring-thickness-module.md). ### Definition The Drill Angle is the full angle between the cone surface of the drill bit and the perpendicular to the coating surface. It is a physical property of the drill bit and is normally engraved on the bit by its manufacturer. ### Why It Matters The Boring Thickness Module converts the radial distance between adjacent ring boundaries (visible in the image of the drilled crater) into a layer thickness using: > **Layer thickness [µm]** = | r_outer − r_inner | × tan(Drill Angle) × mm/pixel × 1000 The calculated thickness is therefore directly proportional to `tan(Drill Angle)`. Entering the wrong angle produces plausible-looking but incorrect µm values without any warning from the software. ### Typical Values | Drill Angle | Magnification factor (1 / tan) | Preferred for | |---|---|---| | 5.7° | × 10.04 | Thin coatings, layered systems with sub-50 µm layers | | 10° | × 5.67 | General multi-layer paint systems | | 20° | × 2.75 | Thicker industrial coatings | | 30° | × 1.73 | Very thick coatings on small samples | ### In Appearance Elements - **Parameter location:** Boring Thickness module → properties panel → Drill Angle - **Default:** 5.7° - **Allowed range:** 0° – 90° See also: [Boring Thickness Parameters](rhopoint-appearance-elements-using-aesthetix-with-ae-aesthetix-modules-boring-thickness-module-boring-thickness-parameters.md), [Layer Depth](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-layer-depth.md), [Total Depth](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-total-depth.md). --- # F—Fill Factor > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. The Fill Factor index represents the ratio of the mean hill size to the mean cell size, expressed as a percentage. It provides a measure of how much of the cell area is occupied by hills, indicating the density of the elevated structures on the surface or distance between structures. --- # Graininess > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. Graininess describes how coarse or fine an effect coating appears under **diffuse** viewing conditions, similar to looking at a panel outside on a cloudy day when the light is spread evenly across the sky. In this situation and the underlying flake texture of the coating becomes more visible than sharp, directional sparkle from the metallic particles. ## What Graininess represents - Graininess quantifies the low‑frequency mottling or speckle pattern caused by non-uniform flake distribution and local brightness variations across the surface that are most apparent under diffuse conditions. - Higher Graininess values indicate a more visibly textured, patchy or “noisy” effect, while lower values indicate a more uniform, fine and homogeneous finish. ## How Graininess is measured - The parameter is derived from the spatial variation in reflected intensity within the measured area, using data from all six illumination directions and processing it to remove specular contributions from the sparkling elements. ## How to use Graininess in practice - Use Graininess, referenced to diffuse viewing conditions (cloudy‑day type lighting), to set and check appearance specifications for metallic and pearlescent coatings, ensuring that production parts match master panels in perceived coarseness under typical daylight, showroom or indoor lighting. - Compare Graininess alongside sparkle metrics and waviness to separate diffuse‑appearance texture issues (e.g. layout, flocculation) from directional sparkle behaviour when diagnosing or optimising effect coatings. ## Technical specification | Parameter | Description | |----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Graininess | Quantifies how coarse or fine an effect coating appears under diffuse, cloudy‑day type viewing conditions. | | Viewing mode | Assessed under diffuse illumination so that sparkle is suppressed and the underlying flake texture becomes more visible. | | Measurement principle| Derived from the spatial variation in reflected intensity within the measured area, using data from all six illumination directions and processing it to remove specular contributions from sparkling elements. | | Visual meaning | Higher values indicate a more mottled, noisy or patchy look; lower values indicate a smoother, more uniform and silky appearance. | | Typical use | Used to set and check appearance specifications for metallic and pearlescent coatings to simulate viewing in diffuse, cloudy‑day conditions. | --- # Harmony (TAMS High Gloss) > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. ## Harmony (H) – High gloss mode ![image description](../_images/1770633628437-2026-02-09_10-39.png) **Comparing Samples 1 & 2 demonstrate poor harmony H=1.8 (1), Samles 2 & 3 show acceptable harmony H=0.9 (2)** ### Definition Harmony (H) is a **perception‑based index** that quantifies how similar the surface texture of two high gloss painted parts appears when viewed side by side (for example fender/door or quarter panel/fuel flap). It expresses whether differences in orange peel and texture between parts are small enough to be acceptable to most observers. ![image description](../_images/1770629452657-2026-02-09_09-29.png) **Panels (1) & (2) have dissimilar surface structure shown in the spectra (3) this results in a poor harmony H=2.4. Panels (4) and (5) have acceptable harmony H=0.7 and similar surface texture (6).** ### Unit and range Harmony is a dimensionless index on the TAMS display, typically ranging from around 0.0 to 8.0 Lower values indicate good harmony (small perceived difference), while higher values indicate larger differences that are more likely to be seen as a mismatch. In practice, values below 1 are usually acceptable, whereas values clearly above 1 flag parts that may need process adjustment or rework. ### Measurement conditions Harmony is available in High Gloss Mode when the surface type is set to C‑Coat and the CC‑TAMS‑STD algorithm is selected. Harmony is calculated by comparing measurements from a reference surface (for example a master panel or agreed “good” part) to measurements from production parts, with each batch based on several readings per part to ensure stable averages. ### Spectral Matching Score (SMS) – new Harmony basis Harmony is now calculated using the **Spectral Matching Score (SMS)** method, which uses the complete surface texture spectrum from both surfaces being compared. Instead of relying only on differences in waviness and a single dominant texture size, the updated algorithm derives several spectral parameters from each surface, scales and weights them, and then combines them into the Harmony value. This spectral approach improves correlation with visual assessments and keeps the familiar Harmony (Hz) scale for users. ### Role of waviness, dimension and sharpness In the updated Harmony algorithm, the SMS method replaces the direct use of the Dimension (D) value in the calculation, but D is still shown on the TAMS display as a useful indicator when multiple dominant structure sizes are present. Because the full spectrum is used, sharpness‑related information from very short wavelengths is now included alongside waviness‑related components, so Harmony responds more closely to the texture features that observers actually see. Users should treat Harmony (H) as the primary acceptability index for panel‑to‑panel matching, while using D as a diagnostic aid rather than a direct quality criterion. ### Typical interpretation - **H < 1.0:** Panels are visually well matched in texture; differences are generally acceptable in production and in the showroom. - **H ≈ 1.0–2.0:** Noticeable but often tolerable differences, which may still require attention on dark or premium Class A surfaces. - **H > 2.0:** Clear texture mismatch; likely to draw attention and reduce perceived vehicle quality, typically prompting process optimisation or rework. --- # Haze and Compensated Haze > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. ## Parameter description Haze describes the scattering of light by a surface that creates a milky halo around the main reflection and reduces contrast in the reflected image. It diminishes the perceived depth and clarity of high‑gloss finishes and is usually undesirable on premium surfaces. Haze (C), often reported as LogH C, is a compensated haze parameter that corrects for the influence of background colour and diffuse reflection, providing a more stable haze value across different colours and effects. ## How is it measured? ![image description](../_images/1767194246312-haze-.png) ** Haze is calculated by measuring the amount of light in the near specular region (pink area) and comparing it to calibration values. Log Haze (C) combines this with luminosity values from the observer camera** The Aesthetix sensor captures a high‑dynamic‑range image of the specular reflection at 60° and analyses the distribution of light around the main gloss peak. Haze is quantified from the amount of light present in defined off‑specular regions (typically a few degrees either side of the specular angle), generating a base haze value. Haze (C) / LogH C is then calculated by applying a logarithmic and colour‑compensated transformation to the haze data, reducing the impact of underlying shade and diffuse reflection and aligning the scale with familiar Rhopoint gloss‑haze conventions. ## Applications Quality control of high‑gloss and dark coatings in automotive, electronics and decorative applications, where even low levels of haze are visually obvious. Monitoring polishing, clearcoat formulation and process conditions to minimise cloudiness and maintain a deep, clear “wet look” finish on premium products and furniture. Routine production monitoring and specification setting where parts of different colours, tints or metallic content must be compared using a single, robust haze scale, especially for Class A surfaces such as body panels, appliances and high‑end furniture. ## Technical Specifications | Item | LogH (Log Haze) | LogH C (Log Haze compensated) | |-----------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------| | Index name | LogH | LogH C | | Description | Logarithmic reflection haze | Logarithmic reflection haze with colour compensation | | Unit | logHU | logHU | | Measurement geometry | 60° specular, off‑specular bands near gloss angle | 60° specular, off‑specular bands near gloss angle | | Field of view (FOV) | 18 × 24 mm | 18 × 24 mm | | Standard analysed area | 18 × 9 mm | 18 × 9 mm | | Optional small spot | 4 × 2 mm | 4 × 2 mm | | Measurement range (typical) | 0–500 logHU | 0–500 logHU | | Repeatability (typical) | ±1 logHU | ±1 logHU | | Reproducibility (typical) | ±10 logHU | ±10 logHU | | Primary use | Historical specifications only | Routine QA and specifications where colour‑independent haze values are needed | --- # Hs—Hill Size > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. This is the average cross-sectional area of the hills within the analyzed cells, measured in square millimetres [mm²]. The algorithm detects the cross-sections of the hills and calculates the mean area. The threshold height used to define the cross-sections is parameterized, meaning it can be adjusted based on specific analysis requirements. Understanding hill size helps in evaluating the distribution and prominence of these elevated features. --- # Layer Depth > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. **Layer Depth** (also referred to as **Layer Thickness**) is the dry-film thickness of one individual layer within a multi-layer coating system, in micrometres (µm), as resolved by the [Boring Thickness Module](rhopoint-appearance-elements-using-aesthetix-with-ae-aesthetix-modules-boring-thickness-module.md). ### Definition In a Säberg-drilled crater imaged by Aesthetix, each layer interface appears as a circular ring. Layer Depth is the thickness of the coating material between two adjacent rings, calculated as: > **Layer Depth [µm]** = | r_outer − r_inner | × tan(Drill Angle) × mm/pixel × 1000 with `r_outer` and `r_inner` the radii of the two rings bounding the layer in image pixels, [Drill Angle](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-drill-angle.md) the cone angle of the drill bit, and mm/pixel the calibrated pixel scale of the Aesthetix Aspec camera. ### Layer Numbering Layers are numbered from the **outside in** of the crater, which corresponds to the **top down** of the original coating stack: - **Layer 1 Depth** — outermost (top) layer, typically the topcoat / clearcoat - **Layer 2 Depth** — next layer down, typically the basecoat - **Layer 3 Depth** — next layer down, typically the primer - **Layer 4–5 Depth** — additional sub-layers if present With **N** detected rings the module produces **N − 1** layer depths. The data table stores up to five layers (Layer 1 Depth … Layer 5 Depth). ### Units Always reported in micrometres (µm), formatted with two decimal places. ### In Appearance Elements - **Columns:** Layer 1 Depth, Layer 2 Depth, Layer 3 Depth, Layer 4 Depth, Layer 5 Depth in the Boring Thickness data table - **Detail view:** A per-layer thickness data grid is shown in the expanded result panel of any Boring Thickness measurement. See also: [Drill Angle](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-drill-angle.md), [Total Depth](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-total-depth.md), [Boring Thickness Parameters](rhopoint-appearance-elements-using-aesthetix-with-ae-aesthetix-modules-boring-thickness-module-boring-thickness-parameters.md). --- # Michelson Contrast Haze MCH > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. MCH (Michelson Contrast Haze) is a visual haze parameter that quantifies the loss of contrast between the specular highlight and its surrounding area using the Michelson contrast formula, closely matching how hazy the surface appears to the eye. ## Parameter description MCH describes how much the halo around the specular highlight reduces the contrast between bright and dark regions in the reflected image. A low MCH value indicates a sharp, well‑defined highlight with high contrast, while a higher MCH value indicates a hazier surface with a broader, more washed‑out highlight. ## How is it measured? The instrument captures a high‑dynamic‑range image of the gloss highlight and the neighbouring background at the 60° geometry. [image description](1767615972660-MCH.png) Michelson contrast is calculated from the luminance of the bright highlight region and the adjacent darker region, and this contrast value is converted into the MCH haze scale used for reporting and comparison. ## Applications Characterising visual haze on high‑gloss coatings where small differences in haze and contrast are seen by observers but not well captured by traditional haze scales. Setting appearance limits and monitoring production for premium automotive, electronics and decorative finishes, ensuring that perceived haze remains within acceptable visual tolerances. | Item | Specification / Value | |---------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Index name | MC H (Michelson Contrast Haze) | | Metric type | Visual haze based on Michelson contrast of the specular highlight and adjacent regions | | Unit | HU (Haze Units) | | Measurement geometry | 60° specular, contrast evaluated between highlight and near specular haze region | | Standard analysed area | 18 × 9 mm | | Optional small spot | 4 × 2 mm | | Measurement range | 0–150 HU (typical working range) | | Repeatability (typical) | ± 0.2HU | | Reproducibility (typical) | ± 0.5 HU | | Primary use | Quantifying visually perceived haze/halo around highlights on high‑gloss surfaces | --- # Quality (TAMS High Gloss) > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. ## Quality (Q) – High gloss mode ### Definition Quality (Q) is a **perception-based index** that describes the overall visual appearance of a high gloss clear-coat surface. It combines contrast, sharpness and waviness into a single value that reflects how good or bad the finish looks to an observer. ### Unit and range Q is expressed in percent (%), from 0% (very poor, strongly distorted reflections) to 100% (mirror-like, premium appearance). Typical automotive clear-coats fall between these extremes depending on process and substrate. ### Measurement conditions Q is available in High Gloss Mode when the surface type is set to C-Coat and the CC‑TAMS‑STD algorithm is selected on TAMS. Measurements should be taken on near-flat, clean, defect-free areas; at least three readings are recommended before closing the batch to obtain averaged Q results. ### Related parameters The following sub-parameters are calculated for each measurement and used to derive Q: - Contrast (C): Relative intensity difference between bright and dark areas in the reflected pattern, 0–100%. Higher values indicate deeper, more vivid reflections. - Sharpness (S): Clarity of the reflected image across viewing distances, 0–100%. Lower values indicate haze or blurred reflections. - Sharpness-Q (Sq): Internally scaled sharpness term (0–100%) used by the Quality algorithm; not normally displayed. - Waviness (W): Degree of large-scale surface undulation or orange peel, typically from 0 (flat) to around 30 (very wavy). - Dimension (D): Dominant structure size perceived at typical viewing distance, reported in millimetres. ### Computation principle Q is calculated using a proprietary algorithm that combines Contrast, Sharpness (including Sq) and Waviness to match human visual grading of clear-coat appearance. Higher contrast and sharpness increase Q, while higher waviness reduces it. ### Colour dependence and advantage An important advantage of the TAMS Quality index is that the basecoat colour is inherently taken into account through the contrast term when calculating Q. This allows Quality to be assessed consistently across different colours instead of assuming that all colours behave like a neutral reference. ![image description](../_images/1770628022874-2026-02-09_08-56.png) **Three panels with medium (1)., good (2) and exceptional (3) quality.** Conventional instruments that control only surface waviness or DOI often ignore the effect of colour, even though colour strongly influences how defects are perceived by the customer. For example, on a black, high-contrast car, haze and poor DOI are highly visible because they reduce the depth of finish and dramatically lower perceived quality, while on a metallic silver car the same level of DOI and haze can be almost invisible to the end user. If both vehicles are controlled using only waviness and DOI limits, this can lead to unnecessary rework and over-processing on sensitive dark colours and, at the same time, an inappropriate focus on parameters that are less relevant for some lighter colours. ### Typical interpretation High Q values indicate smooth, glossy surfaces with clean, undistorted reflections; low Q values indicate visible texture, haze or orange peel that reduce perceived quality. Target Q limits can be set for production, with tighter bands used for premium or Class A surfaces. ### Applications Quality (Q) in high gloss mode is used wherever consistent visual appearance of coated surfaces is critical. Typical applications include: - Automotive exterior body panels, bumpers, mirrors and add-on parts for meeting OEM appearance specifications and harmony targets across the vehicle. - High gloss coatings on consumer electronics, appliances and furniture to differentiate premium finishes and control variation between batches or suppliers. - Process development and troubleshooting for paint, clear-coat and polishing operations, where Q trends support optimisation of application, curing and sanding/buffing parameters and its colour sensitivity helps avoid over-processing or misjudging certain colours. --- # RC—Reflective Contrast > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. This index quantifies the difference in reflectivity between the hills and valleys of the surface topography. The algorithm separates the surface data into valleys and hills using a parameterized threshold height. It then calculates the mean reflectivity values for both areas and uses the contrast formula: contrast = (hill + valley) / (hill − valley) This provides a measure of how much the reflectivity differs between the elevated and depressed areas of the surface. --- # RGB Colour > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. **RGB Colour** records the basic colour information of the surface image as three separate channels: red (R), green (G) and blue (B). ## Parameter description RGB Colour describes the appearance of the surface in terms of its digital image colour values rather than in a colour‑space such as CIELab. Each pixel in the observer‑camera image has an R‑G‑B triplet; the reported RGB Colour values are the average red, green and blue channel intensities over the analysed area, giving a simple numerical description of surface shade and tone. ## How is it measured? - The observer camera captures a colour‑corrected image of the surface using 45° circumferential illumination and 0° observation geometry. - Software averages the red, green and blue pixel values within the defined measurement area (for example 18 × 9 mm), reporting three numbers: R, G and B. These values can be trended, compared between batches or exported for further colour analysis. ## Interpretation of values - Higher R values indicate a stronger red component, higher G values a stronger green component, and higher B values a stronger blue component in the surface colour. - Changes in RGB channel balance over time or between samples indicate colour drift, contamination, ageing or process variation, even when gloss and texture remain constant. ## Applications - Monitoring batch‑to‑batch colour consistency of coatings, plastics, inks and decorative films alongside gloss, haze and texture metrics. - Quickly flagging visible colour shifts on production lines or during development trials without needing a dedicated spectrophotometer, and documenting the appearance of standards, master panels and reference parts in quality systems. ## Technical Specification | Item | Specification / Value | |---------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Index names | R, G, B | | Description | Average red, green and blue channel intensities from the surface image | | Units | 0–255 (8‑bit channel values) or normalised 0.0–1.0, depending on software configuration | | Measurement geometry | 45° circumferential illumination, 0° observation (observer camera) | | Field of view (FOV) | Dependent on module | | | Measurement principle | Capture of a colour image, followed by spatial averaging of R, G and B pixel values over the region | | Measurement range | Full sensor range for each channel (typically 0–255) | | Repeatability (typical) | Within ±1–2 channel | | Reproducibility (typical) | Within ±3–5 channel counts after re‑positioning and re‑measurement | | Primary use | Tracking colour/shade changes and documenting appearance alongside gloss, haze and texture parameters | --- # RH—Reflectivity on Hills > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. This is the average reflectivity value specifically for the areas classified as hills. It provides insight into the reflectivity characteristics of the elevated parts of the surface. --- # RV—Reflectivity in Valleys > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. This index represents the average reflectivity value for the areas classified as valleys. The centre of the valleys are represented by red lines on the feature maps. It helps in understanding the reflectivity properties of the lower, depressed regions of the surface. --- # R—Reflectivity > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. The Mean Reflectivity index R represents the average reflectivity value of the surface, or a value for how the surface interacts with light, contributing to its visual characteristics such as gloss and brightness. Reflectivity is an absolute measurement but uses a non-standard unit (arbitrary units [arb'U]) specific to the measurement system. --- # Sa Rough—Areal Surface Roughness > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. **Sa Rough** – Areal Surface Roughness describes the average height variation of the surface over the full measured area, expressed in perceived microns (p‑µm) to reflect how roughness is seen in the Aesthetix texture image. The calculation uses unfiltered topographical information from the full 3D height map, so all peaks and valleys in the measurement area contribute to the result rather than a smoothed or wavelength‑limited profile. Lower Sa values indicate a smoother, more level surface, while higher values correspond to a rougher finish with more pronounced structure or texture. Unit- [Perceived Microns pµm](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-unit-perceived-microns-p-m.md) --- # Scratch Parameters > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. ## How scratches are detected - Scratches are detected using a high‑intensity 10° spot light that illuminates the surface in a very directional way, similar to shining an inspection torch across a panel to reveal fine marks. - An observer camera captures a high‑resolution image of the illuminated area, and image‑processing algorithms analyse the bright, elongated features caused by light catching on scratch edges. ## Role of sensitivity - The Sensitivity setting controls how aggressively the system looks for scratches by adjusting detection thresholds in the image analysis. - At **low sensitivity**, only the more obvious scratches are reported, corresponding to defects that are easily visible under typical indoor or workshop lighting. - At **medium sensitivity**, the system reveals finer swirls and lighter polishing marks that may be visible under stronger point light sources, for example inspection lamps or showroom lighting. - At the **highest sensitivity**, the algorithm highlights almost all detectable line structures, including very faint scratches and holograms that may only become visible under high illuminance conditions, such as bright sunshine or intense inspection lighting. ## Length, Length V and Length H - **Length – Scratch Length Total Average (µm):** The average total length of all detected scratches within the measured area, giving an overall indication of how extensive linear defects are on the surface. - **Length V – Scratch Length Average Vertical (µm):** The average total length of scratches predominantly aligned in the vertical direction, useful for identifying directionality from specific polishing passes or tools. - **Length H – Scratch Length Average Horizontal (µm):** The average total length of scratches predominantly aligned in the horizontal direction, highlighting directional polishing patterns. ## Area, Area V and Area H - **Area – Total Scratched Area (µm²):** The combined surface area covered by all detected scratches, indicating how much of the inspected region is affected by polishing defects. - **Area V – Scratched Area Vertical (µm²):** The total area occupied by vertically oriented scratches, helping to separate their contribution from other defect directions. - **Area H – Scratched Area Horizontal (µm²):** The total area occupied by horizontally oriented scratches, useful when diagnosing process steps that introduce specific directional marks. ## Count, Count V and Count H - **Count – Total Scratches (–):** The number of individual scratches detected in the measurement, giving a simple measure of how densely the surface is covered with defects. - **Count V – Scratches Vertical (–):** The number of vertically oriented scratches, used to identify and track polishing steps that introduce mainly vertical marks. - **Count H – Scratches Horizontal (–):** The number of horizontally oriented scratches, indicating the prevalence of defects aligned with horizontal polishing movements. ## Visibility, Visibility V and Visibility H - **Visibility – Scratch Visibility Average (AU):** The average perceived visibility of all detected scratches, combining their brightness, contrast and size into a single perception‑based value. - **Visibility V – Scratch Visibility Vertical (AU):** The perceived visibility of vertically oriented scratches, highlighting whether vertical marks are particularly noticeable to the observer. - **Visibility H – Scratch Visibility Horizontal (AU):** The perceived visibility of horizontally oriented scratches, allowing judgement of whether horizontal swirls or holograms dominate the visual impression. --- # Sharpness (Aesthetix) > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. **Sharpness** is a surface appearance parameter that quantifies how clearly and crisply a surface reflects fine detail and edges in a mirrored image. ## Parameter description Sharpness indicates the edge clarity within a reflection rather than the overall brightness or gloss level. High sharpness values correspond to very clear, well‑defined edges and fine details in the reflected image, while low values indicate blurred, smeared or “soft” reflections that reduce the perceived quality and depth of finish. ## How is it measured? - The instrument illuminates the surface and captures a high‑resolution image of a reflected pattern or highlight at the specular geometry. - Software analyses edge transitions and local contrast within the reflected pattern; sharp, high‑contrast edges produce high sharpness values, whereas widened, low‑contrast edges reduce the sharpness value, which is typically reported on a 0–100 scale. ![image description](../_images/1768297503058-sharpness.png) **Sharpness measures the clarity of sharp edges visible in a reflection and is exceptionally sensitive to ultra-fine structures that only become visible at close viewing distances (typically under 20cm). In the example, two high-gloss surfaces show similar gloss and DOI values but the surface on the right has subtle micro-texture that softens edges in the reflection, reducing the quality of the finish.** ## Difference between Sharpness and DOI - Sharpness concentrates on the *local edge definition* in the reflection, making it very sensitive to small amounts of blurring that soften fine details and lines. - DOI (Distinctness of Image) evaluates the *overall fidelity of the reflected image*, responding more strongly to broader spreading and distortion caused by orange peel and larger‑scale texture than to subtle edge softening. ## Applications - Evaluating polishing quality and surface finish on automotive bodywork, piano and furniture lacquers, consumer electronics and decorative plastics where mirror‑like clarity is critical. - Monitoring process changes (substrate preparation, coating formulation, application and curing) to minimise micro‑texture and orange peel that reduce edge clarity, ensuring consistent premium appearance across parts and batches. ## Technical Specification | Item | Specification / Value | |---------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Index name | S (Sharpness) | | Description | Measures the clarity and definition of sharp edges and fine details visible in the reflected image | | Unit | % (0–100%, higher values = crisper reflections) | | Measurement geometry | Specular reflection at 60° (shared with gloss/DOI) | | Measurement principle | Image‑based analysis of local edge contrast and edge width in the reflected pattern | | | Standard analysed area | 18 × 9 mm | | Optional small spot | 4 × 2 mm | | Other analysed areas | Effect / Texture / Polishing modules: up to 10 × 10 mm or 15 × 15 mm, depending on configuration | | Sensitivity | Highly sensitive to ultra‑fine surface texture visible at viewing distances below ~20 cm | | Measurement range | 0–100% | | Repeatability (typical) | ±0.2% sharpness | | Reproducibility (typical) | ±0.5% sharpness | | Primary use | Discriminating very high‑gloss finishes by edge clarity, revealing micro‑texture not seen in gloss alone | --- # Sharpness (TAMS High Gloss) > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. ## Sharpness (S) – High gloss mode ### Definition Sharpness (S) is a **perception‑based index** that quantifies how accurately images are reflected in a high gloss surface. It describes how crisp or blurred the reflected pattern appears, linking directly to visual impressions of haze and clarity. ### Unit and range Sharpness is expressed in percent (%), from 0% (very low sharpness, heavily blurred reflection) to 100% (perfect image reproduction with no visible blur). On real automotive clear‑coat surfaces, values typically sit between these extremes depending on coating system and process settings. ### Measurement conditions Sharpness is available in High Gloss Mode when the surface type is set to C‑Coat and a high‑gloss algorithm such as CC‑TAMS‑STD is selected. Measurements should be taken on clean, defect‑free areas with good contact between the TAMS measuring base and the surface. ### Meaning at different viewing distances Sharpness characterises the surface across two practical viewing conditions: - At close distance (approximately <0.5 m), Sharpness indicates how well the surface reproduces fine details of the reflected pattern, such as edges and small features. - At showroom viewing distance (around 1.5 m), Sharpness is closely related to haze and clarity, describing how much the reflected image appears “milky” or washed out versus clean and transparent. High Sharpness means that reflections remain well defined at both distances; low Sharpness indicates that fine detail is lost and the surface appears hazy or smeared. ### Relationship to other parameters and indices Sharpness works together with other TAMS parameters to describe overall appearance: - With **Contrast (C)**, it defines how vivid and detailed the reflection looks, especially on dark, high‑contrast colours. - With **Waviness (W)** and **Dimension (D)**, it helps separate blur caused by haze (sharpness‑related) from distortion caused by large‑scale texture or orange peel. - A rescaled internal metric, **Sharpness‑Q (Sq)**, uses Sharpness and Contrast as inputs to improve the perceptual weighting in the Quality (Q) index; Sq itself is not shown on the instrument but is used in the Quality calculation. ### Typical interpretation - **S > 80%:** Very crisp reflections with minimal haze, typical of high‑end clear‑coat finishes and well‑polished surfaces. - **S ≈ 50–80%:** Poor sharpness for many production finishes. - **S < 50%:** Obvious haze and loss of detail in reflections; surfaces often appear “soft” or dull, signalling coating, curing or polishing issues that reduce perceived quality. In practice, Sharpness can be trended alongside Quality (Q) and Waviness (W) to diagnose whether loss of appearance quality is driven mainly by haze/clarity (low S) or by texture/orange peel (high W), guiding targeted adjustments to paint application, curing or polishing processes. --- # Total Depth > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. **Total Depth** is the sum of all individual [Layer Depths](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-layer-depth.md) of a coating stack, as measured by the [Boring Thickness Module](rhopoint-appearance-elements-using-aesthetix-with-ae-aesthetix-modules-boring-thickness-module.md), in micrometres (µm). ### Definition > **Total Depth [µm]** = Σ Layer Depth_i for i = 1 … N − 1 where N is the number of detected rings in the Säberg-drilled crater and N − 1 is the number of resolved layers. ### Interpretation Total Depth represents the **complete dry-film thickness** of the coating system between the outermost detected ring (top of the coating) and the innermost detected ring (deepest measured layer). This value can be cross-checked against an independent non-destructive total dry-film thickness measurement (magnetic, eddy-current) on the same sample. A close match validates the boring measurement; a large discrepancy usually points to either: - A wrong [Drill Angle](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-drill-angle.md) (most common cause), - A miscalibrated mm/pixel scale of the Aesthetix Aspec camera, or - One or more missing rings — in particular a missing innermost ring will make the Total Depth appear smaller than the true total dry-film thickness. ### Units Always reported in micrometres (µm), formatted with two decimal places. ### In Appearance Elements - **Column:** Total Depth in the Boring Thickness data table - **Detail view:** Shown as "Total Layer Depth" alongside the per-layer table in the expanded result panel. See also: [Layer Depth](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-layer-depth.md), [Drill Angle](glossary-of-measurement-parameters-drill-angle.md), [Boring Thickness Parameters](rhopoint-appearance-elements-using-aesthetix-with-ae-aesthetix-modules-boring-thickness-module-boring-thickness-parameters.md). --- # Unit Perceived Microns pµm > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. The unit "perceived" is calculated from Photometric Stereo Topographical maps from the surface slopes and facets that are visible to the camera and calibrated using a 540µm artifact. Our optical system works best for surfaces with a texture amplitude of 0-1500 (1.5mm) microns with homogeneous reflectivity- in this range the Aesthetix measurement system is linear and obtains results highly correlated to other systems. > [!info] Note that as the texture gets bigger the measurement system becomes less linear-this is because the peaks and valleys of these large structures are less in focus, we also capture shadows in deep valleys that make it difficult to resolve the topography in those areas. --- # Visual Gloss > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. ## Parameter description Visual Gloss is a perception-based gloss value that predicts how glossy a surface appears to the human eye, rather than just how much light it reflects in a single direction. It adjusts for effects such as colour, highlight contrast and surrounding brightness so that the scale better matches visual judgements across different materials and finishes. ​ ## How is it measured? The Aesthetix sensor captures a high dynamic range (HDR) image of the specular highlight and surrounding area at the standard 60° gloss geometry. The observer camera captures an image of the surface and measures its luminosity. ![image description](../_images/1767192256271-vg.png) **Reflection data from the gloss camera (1) is virtually combined with surface luminosity information from the observer camera (2) the result is visual gloss which describes the contrast of the gloss highlight against the background colour (3).** Software analyses intensity of the highlight and the background into a Visual Gloss value on a perceptual scale. ​ ## Applications Comparing gloss across different colours, coatings and substrates where standard gloss units do not reliably match what observers see. ​ Setting appearance specifications and pass/fail limits for premium high‑gloss products (automotive, electronics, furniture, decorative parts) using a metric that closely tracks customer perception. ## Technical Specifications | Item | Specification / Value | |-----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------| | Visual gloss index | 60° Visual Gloss (60° V) | | Visual gloss unit | p‑GU (perceptual gloss units) | | Measurement geometry | 60° specular geometry with HDR image capture | | Field of view (FOV) | 18 × 24 mm | | Standard analysed visual‑gloss area | 18 × 9 mm | | Optional small visual‑gloss spot | 4 × 2 mm | | Repeatability, typical | Equivalent to ±0.2 GU over the 10–100 GU gloss range (expressed on the p‑GU scale) | | Reproducibility, typical | Equivalent to ±0.5 GU over the 10–100 GU gloss range (expressed on the p‑GU scale) | --- # Visual Haze > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. Visual Haze Indoors and Outdoors are perception-based haze values that describe how hazy a high‑gloss surface appears under typical indoor or outdoor lighting conditions. ## Parameter description Visual Haze values indicate the loss of contrast and clarity around the specular highlight, expressed on a dedicated VHU scale. Visual Haze Indoors is tuned for viewing under common interior lighting (artificial light, lower illuminance), while Visual Haze Outdoors is tuned for brighter, directional daylight where halos and cloudiness are more noticeable. ## How are they measured? The instrument captures a high‑dynamic‑range image of the specular reflection and adjacent regions at the 60° geometry. Software processes the image using different luminance and contrast weightings that represent indoor or outdoor viewing conditions, converting the result into Visual Haze Indoors (VHU) and Visual Haze Outdoors (VHU) values. ## Applications Visual Haze Indoors: specification and quality control of products primarily viewed under indoor lighting, such as interior automotive trim, furniture, domestic appliances and electronic devices. Visual Haze Outdoors: evaluation of exterior body panels, coated metalwork, signage and other surfaces exposed to daylight, ensuring that haze remains within acceptable limits in bright outdoor conditions. --- # Waviness (Aesthetix) > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. **Waviness** is a surface appearance parameter that quantifies the strength of orange peel – surface waves that distort reflections on otherwise glossy surfaces. ## Parameter description Waviness describes larger‑scale texture features on the surface (typically in the 0.1–10 mm range) that cause reflected straight lines to appear wavy rather than perfectly straight. Higher waviness values indicate more pronounced orange peel and a more obviously distorted reflection, while lower values correspond to smooth, piano‑like finishes with minimal visible structure. ## How is it measured? - The instrument projects a line or pattern onto the surface and records the reflected image using the observer camera. ![image description](../_images/1768300789240-waviness.png) **The distortion of the reflected of a straight line is captured by the observer camera. The visual effect of orange peel can seen in the reflected test charts on the right of the camera images.** - Software analyses how much the reflected line deviates from a mathematically straight reference; these deviations are converted into a waviness value (WU) that is calibrated to align with perception‑based orange‑peel scales at a typical viewing distance of around 1.5 m. ## Interpretation of values - Very low WU values correspond to “piano finish” surfaces with virtually no visible orange peel and a strong impression of quality. - Increasing WU values move through low, standard and high orange‑peel ranges, where the texture becomes clearly visible and increasingly negative for perceived surface quality, especially on dark, high‑gloss colours. ## Applications - Setting and monitoring orange‑peel targets on automotive body panels, bumpers, commercial vehicles and yacht coatings to match appearance standards. - To improve wavines- optimise coating systems, spray parameters, viscosity and curing conditions, waviness may also "telegraph" through from an imperfect substrate. Here is a parameter table for **Waviness**: | Item | Specification / Value | |---------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Index name | Waviness | | Unit | WU (Waviness Units) | | Description | Quantifies orange peel –surface undulations that distort reflections | | Measurement geometry | Specular reflection using projected line light and observer camera at fixed distance and angle | | | Analysed distance | 20mm line on surface. mm | Other analysed areas | Effect / Texture / Polishing modules: up to 10 × 10 mm or 15 × 15 mm, depending on configuration | | Perceptual basis | Scale aligned to human perception of orange peel at ~1.5 m viewing distance (correlated to Rhopoint TAMS scale) | | Typical value ranges (automotive) | < 2 WU: piano finish; 2–5 WU: low orange peel; 5–10 WU: standard orange peel; 10–15 WU: high orange peel | | Measurement range | Approx. 0–30 WU | | Repeatability (typical) | ±0.5 WU | | Reproducibility (typical) | ±1.0 WU | | Primary use | Setting and monitoring orange‑peel levels on high‑gloss coatings such as automotive, marine and furniture | --- # Waviness (TAMS High Gloss) > [!note] Tato stránka ještě není přeložena do češtiny a zobrazuje se anglicky. ## Waviness (W) – High gloss mode ### Definition Waviness (W) is a **perception‑based index** that describes the overall wavy or non‑flat character of a high gloss surface. It quantifies how strongly the reflected image is distorted by large‑scale surface waves and orange peel when viewed at typical showroom distance. ### Unit and range Waviness is reported in W‑units on a scale from 0 to 30. - 0 W indicates a visually flat surface with almost no distortion in the reflection. - 30 W represents a very wavy surface with strong, clearly visible distortion. In normal automotive clear‑coat applications, most values fall between these extremes, depending on substrate, coating system and process conditions. ### Measurement conditions Waviness is available in High Gloss Mode when the surface type is set to C‑Coat and a high‑gloss algorithm such as CC‑TAMS‑STD is selected. Measurements should be made on clean, defect‑free areas with good contact between the TAMS measurement base and the surface to ensure that the full texture is captured correctly. ### Visual meaning at showroom distance Waviness is defined with respect to how an observer sees the car at around 1.5 m viewing distance. At this distance, it describes: - The strength of the “orange peel” effect – how much straight lines and reflected features appear to ripple across the panel. - The overall smoothness of the body shape – whether the finish looks “liquid and calm” or “wavy and restless”. Low W gives calm, mirror‑like reflections; high W makes reflections appear broken, wavy and visually busy. ### Relationship to other TAMS parameters and indices Waviness works together with other TAMS metrics to describe appearance: - With **Sharpness (S)** it helps distinguish blur due to haze (low S) from distortion due to surface texture (high W). - With **Dimension (D)** it helps identify whether the dominant orange peel structure is fine or coarse. - W is a key input to the **Quality (Q)** index in High Gloss Mode and is also used (via spectral methods) in the **Harmony (H)** index for panel‑to‑panel matching. ### Typical interpretation - **W < 5:** Very smooth surface with minimal visible orange peel; reflections appear calm and undistorted, suitable for premium Class A areas. - **W ≈ 5–10:** Moderate orange peel that will show visible differences between processes or panels when compared directly. - **W > 10+:** Strong orange peel and distortion; surface looks visibly textured and may not meet high‑end appearance requirements, often indicating the need to optimise coating, levelling or polishing steps. By trending W alongside Quality (Q), Harmony (H), Sharpness (S) and Dimension (D), users can quickly see when loss of appearance is driven mainly by large‑scale texture and target process changes at the most influential paint stages.